Hydraulic transmission device.



w. E. MAGIE & w. Finals. HYDRAULIC TRAN'smlsslQN 'DEv|cE. APPLICATION FILED .IAN- 8| 9l4.A 1,212,655. i Patented Jan. 16,1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET'I.

22 E aie.

w. E. MAGlE &w. mms. HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION DEVICE.v

APPLICATION FILED .IAN- 8, IBI4. y n 192129655, l Patented Jan. 16,1917.

5 SHEE`IS-SHEET 2.

W. E. MAGIE & W. FERRIS. HYDRAULIC I'RANSMISSION DEVICE.

y APrfucATlou msu mmm'wm.

1212,'655. nted 3.111.416

Pate 1917.

5 snms-sws a.

W. E. MAGIE & W. FERRIS.

HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION DEVICE.

'APPLICATION man mma, |914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 42 J/l/ JD a/f 7472 Patented Jan. 16, 1917.

Waar/zum ze.

' vide various for adjusting v 'WILLIAM E. MA,GIE, 0F EVANSVILLE, INDIAN A, AND WALTER FERRIS, OF MILWAUKEE,

. WISCONSIN.

HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION DEVICE.

'Specification of Letters` Patent. Patented JaIL 16 1917. l

Application mea January s, 1914 serial No. 810,928.

To all whom t may concern: ,s

Be it known that we, WILLIAM E. MAGIE and WALTER FERRIs, citizens of the United States, residing, respectively, at Evansville, in the county of Vanderburg and State of Indiana, and at lvlilwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Transmission'Devices, of which the following is a specification. Our invention rela-tes to a varying speed hydraulic transmission device.

One object of our invention is to furnish means whereby the adjustments may be made from time to time with the least possible effort.

Another object of our invention is t'o provide means whereby the system may be kept for working purposes effectively full of.

driving-Huid with a maximum freedom of movement of the parts, or in other words, a maximum leakage and a minimum of packing or other. such iuid retaining devices about the moving parts. Y

, Another'object of our invention is to provide a series of associatedcylinders with cooperating pistons -at each end of each cyl-4 inder.

Another object of our invention is to provide working cylinders with radialV or lateral openings to receive or discharge the driving fluid as distinguished from endwise openings. l

Another object of our invention is' to provide a valve or port ring which entirely surrounds such rotating cylinders.

Another object of our invention is to provide means whereby the pressure on opposite sides of the driving shaft on which such cylinders are mounted 1s equalized.

Another object of our invention is to provide means whereby the excess pressure in the driving part due to any cause such as abnormal interference from the circulatory systemof the driven part may be relieved.

Another object of our invention is to provide piston driving plates permanently inclined at a predetermined angle. y

Another object of our invention is to provide vadjustable driving and driven parts so as to increasethe range of adjustment.

Another object of our -invention is to prominor devices such as means the parts, means for quietmg the driving uid and the like.

A is -a pump housing having a cover A1 These and the other objects of our invention are carried out in thedevice of the accompanying drawings,- which, however, is b ut one of many illustra-tions of the invention, and it is here set forth and described only as a means of explaining the invention and not as a limitation, for we have contemplated the application of our invention to very different 'forms of structures where nevertheless many of its. features would be retained though in connection with structures of greatly varying form.

With this understanding we will refer to the accompanying drawings illustrating one form or one application of our invention, whereinl Y,

Figure l is a plan view; Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line 2-2 of Figs. 1 and 3; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through one member on the line 31-3 of Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4 is a/ detail cross section on'the line -:A of Fig. 3 through one of the cylinders;

11g. Fig. 4*; Fig. 6 is a section along the line 6--6 of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a detail of the end thrust plate; Fig. 8 is a like detail of the inclined thrust plate.

Like parts are indicated by the same letter use a driving part and a driven part which.'

5 is a cross section on the line 5-5 of are substantially identical, and therefore the *illustrative descrlptlonof one is allthat is necessary, though the driven part may in effect consist of but one-half of the driving part, but here again lspecial description is unnecessary. A v

For the sake of convenience and simplicity we will, first, referring to Fig. 1, describe the 'outside appearance of the machine and we will subsequently turn' to the inclosed parts and describe them at greater lenlgt e in position by the cap screws A2. A3 is a motor housing having a cover A4 held in position by the cap screws A5. A", A'Iv are conduits communicating at either end with the iianged 4collars As housings A-and As to form with them a circulatory system. A lis a pump shaft extending into the pump housing A to'there communicate with a driving part tobe sub'- sequently described and provided'witlujijle pulley A1? whereby the 'pump may be' driven `from any suitable source of power. A1 isa on the walls ofthe motor shaft projecting from the motor housing A3 carrying inside the housing a driven hand wheel wheels mounted on the shafts A14 which extend into and through the housings ;A and A3 and have cranks A15 mounted on the opposed ends thereof. A16 are similar shafts extending into and through the housings A and A5 and provided with cranks A11, A12, which cranks are angularly spaced and connected by the driving links A19, A20 as shown with either the cranks A15 or hand wheel A18 so that the rotation of the hand wheel will rotate both shafts. A21 are handholes or inspection holes whereby access may be had to the interior of thev housing and `whereby oil may be introduced when necessary.

Referring now to our device as shown in Figs. 2 to 8 inclusive, we have shown and will describe only one of the two members, preferably the pump, since a description of it will suflice for a description of the motor,

owing to the similarity of both. The hous# ing A is closed at either end by the 'caps or end walls B which are centrally perforate and apertured to contain the ball bearings B1 which support the pump shaft A. B2 are spacing rings located in the central aperture and abuttlng against the bearings B1, and B3 aren :flexible packing disks containing the shaft and held in position by the packing plates B4. B5 are sleeves projecting inwardly from the casing ends B, closely surrounding, but'out of contactl with, the shaft A9 and provided with semicircular flanges or ribs B5 located on the upper sides thereof.

` B1, B8 are adjustable or rotatable wedge plates rotatably mounted at either end of the casing on the sleeves B5, forming with the parts to be described inclined thrust or cam plates. These plates are recessed on their outer sides said recesses being provided with downwardly depending walls or segmental flanges B2o which engage the flanges B6 on the sleeves B5. B is a worm gear mounted on the wedge plate B7 and in mesh with the right-handed worm B1".on the shaft A15. B11 is a worm gear mounted 011 the wedge plate B8 in mesh with a lefthanded worm B12 on the shaft A14. B21 are ball bearings interposed between the caps B andthe wedge platesB", B5. B13 are bearing surfaces inclined to the axis of the wedge plates B1, B2 and adapted to support the annular ball bearings B14 which are also inclined and which vcarry geared, socket, or rotary thrust'plates B15, B15, which plates are held in position with respect to the ball bearings and the wedge plates by the annular collars B11. B18 are connecting rod sockets held in position by the screws B11 on the piston plates B15, B15 and spaced about ball bearings B22 on the shaft A by the spacing rings B23.

C is a so-called cylinder barrel rigidly attached Ato and rotating with the sha t A and containing spaced about it the cylinders C1 preferably uneven in number and as here shown seven in number and provided with centrally disposed ports C2A extending radially from each of the cylinders C1 out to the outer surface of the periphery of the barrel C. C5, C4 are opposed pistons slidably` mounted in each, of the cylinders C1 and provided with ball-ended connecting rods C5, C5 held in spherical bearings therein by the screw plugs C and in spherical bearing blocks C7 in each of the connecting rod sockets B18 by the screw plug C2. C1" are gears on the opposed ends of the piston barrel C' in mesh with the geared socket plates B15 'B15 to cause said plates and said piston ba-rrelto rotate in unison. C15 is a valve port ring running llt with a rotating cylinder barrel C and held Vagainst rotation by the sleeves C11, C12 which pass through the walls' of the surrounding'and making a housing A and are in slidable engagement with the flanged sleeves A8 and 1n register with the conduits A, A7. It will be noted that these sleeves C11, C12 are free to move about within comparatively narrow limits with respect to the walls of the casing and free to move slidably with respect to the valve ring C10, thus permitting movement of the valve `ring 'on the shaft with respect to the housing and circulatory system without danger of binding vor cramping. rlihe valve ring, it will be noted, contains two crescent-shaped ports C13, C14 in communication respectively with the sleeves C11, C12 and conduits A5,A2. These ports are located on opposed sides of the cylinder barrel and in communication with certainof the cylinders through the ports C2 but are separated each from the other by the closed surfaces or dead surfaces or dead points C15., C1B at the top and bottom of the valve ring, which surfaces or areas are in close contact with v the cylinder barrel and of slightly greater extent than the width of any cylinder discharge passage port.

D is a housing integral with the valve port'ring and containing the pressure chamber D1, D2,l the pressure D1 communicating with the crescent-shaped port C14 and the pressure D2 communicating with the crescent-shaped port C13. D? is a cylindrical plug slidably mounted in the housing D and of such length when in the neutral position as indicated in Fig. 2, its ends are flush with the sides of the pressure chambers D, ,D2 respectively, thus this plug eifectively separates these two chambers. D4 are flanged collars held against the opposed Wallys ofthe pressure chamber D1, vD2 and sure chamber D1, D2.

25 crescent-shaped'port C12. The

rampas opposed ends of the plug Da by the springs D5. D are adjusting caps screw-threaded in the housing D and engaging one end of the spring DI5 forming a portion of the pres- I D", D8 are pressure rel1ef passages extending in to the plug D3 and dcommunicating respectively with the pressure chamber D1, D2. D1", D1s are pressure relief ports projecting through the Wall 10 of the plug D2 commumcating respectively with the passages D7, D'3 and closed by the wall ofthe housing D when the plug is in the position shown in Fig. 2, but free-to discharge respectively into the pressure chambers D1, D2 when the plug is forced to the right-hand or to the left b the pressure in the opposed chamber. 11, D12 are balance ports arranged in pairs in the valve port ring on the opposed sides thereof, the ports D11 being one on either side of the port C11 and the ports D12 being one on either side of the port C12. The'iport D11 is connected by means of a passage D18 withI the port D1, passage D6, pressure D2 and port D12 is connected by means of the passage D11 with va port D9 in the wall of the passage D" thence to the pressure chamber D1 and port C12. The combined area of the two-ports D11, D12 is equal respectively to the area of the ports C12, C11 so' that since they are connected across the valve ring the pressures on 'the opposed sides of the valve ring balance and there is no undue pressure on either side of the valve ring against the cylinder barrel such as might be caused by the unbalanced pressure on one side or the other. Thus the valve ports vC11-2` C11 are' each counterbalanced bythe balance cham- 40 bers D11 or D12 as the case may be on the opposed side of the barrel. There is no side pressure between thelbarrel and the `,valve ing in which it rotates. This arrangement forms in effect an equalizing means together with a pressure relief means and an adjusting means since the movement of theplug in the travel chamberor pressure chambers before releasing the pressure absolutely will equalize it, tendin to adjust the varying pressure by a slig t variation in the volume of the pressure chambers. The piston or plug forms what is in eii'ect the pressure yielding wall and when moved to the end of its excursion is provided with what might be called an intermittent byv pass.

E is a housing located at the bottom o f `the valve port ring. This housing is longitudinally bored along the horizontal line at right angles to the axis'of the valve ring with stop lugs E, E2. The bore in which this vcombined piston is slidably mounted is closed at either end by the plugs E2. Passages E, E2 lead respectively from the ports C12, C1* through the housing E and communicate with` the interior of the housing A outside of the valve ring, these passages being controlled by the members E2, E2. The plunger E1 is subject at either end to the pressures prevailing in the ports C12, C11 respectively since chambers E1, E11 in line with the plunger communicate with these ports. The result is that when the pressure in one port is greater than the p ressure in the other, it forces the piston away closin the passage leading from the port throug the housing and opening the passage leading through the housing to the other port, as shownin Fig. 2. The pressurein C12 is high, and in C1'1 is low. The piston moves to the left. The passage Es is closed, the passage E2 is open, and leakage in the housing A will return to the system being sucked lin through the passage E2 into the port C12 by the partal vacuum therein. V

G is a'splash shield rigidly attached to the flange G1 about the Valve ring. This d splash shield is provided with apertures G2 on its lower side and is inwardly constricted or flanged at G2' to engage the annular slots the rapidly moving power producing parts from the main body of oil in the housing and thus prevent frothing or whipping up l of the oil.

The use a d operation of our invention can be conve iently described in connection with a more extended Adiscussion of the sev eral elements which go to make up the complete structure here illustrated.

Adjustment-The adjustment may be carried on by any form of device, but we have illustrated one which comprises two worm shafts coupled together so as to be simultaneously driven from one and the same source of power. Each shaft meshes with the rotatable inclined thrust plate which is adapted to travel freely on the ball-bearing interposed between it and the end thrust plate. When the worm shafts are thus operated,

lthe parts'are related so that as one inclined thrust plate is rotated in one direction, the other is rotated in the opposite direction,' and thus they may be adjusted from any position such as that illustrated in Fig. 3, where the angle between them is at a maximum-to a point where their inclined surfaces are parallel to each other. During such adjustment from maximum angle to parallelism, the pistons controlledby the respective inclined thrust plates will be variedin their position so that their effective action will 'vary Yfrom the maximum as illustrated yin Fig..3 to a minimum, or where 'the pistons vofea'ch -cylinder travel simultaneously at 'other hrough the whole cycle without any very considerable eiort 4on the part ofthe operator or without :requiring any consid'- will be parallel to each other although still having the same angle of inclination to the Y shaft, for that `Willalways be fixed as to l' tionillustrated in the drawing Where the two piston rings areinclined to .each other so as to give their respective pistons their greatest travel, the pump is ready for its maximum fluid output. '.l`lie rotation of its shaft causes the two pistons in the outer ends of agiven cylinder to lmove toward each other, each passing through their fullest possible excursion and dischar p est possible amount-of oil .into t e circulatory system toward the motor, land what happens With one cylinder happens with each successive cylinder as it passes to the pressure side.

speed-ofthe motor, We can "bring lit about y jcases or' chambers, one'of which contains the by varyinigthe lresultant of the. excursion ofthe two pistons ofeach cylinder of the.'V

pump. This we can bring aboutjby operating the hand wheel and thus driving the connecting mechanism' whereby the thrust plates will be slightly rotated simultaneously in opposite directions, and this action can be carried so far that the two piston rin s leach of them. This results, 'of course, in repistons of each cylinder to nothing, for as `each advances, the other recedes at anequal ducingthe resultant of the excursions of the rate and this being trueof each cylinder on eachf-sid'e', the net result is that there is neither pressure 'norsl'icti'on and no oil is' moved and the motor is atrest.

"Wev have been describing the operation on the theory that the pump comprises cylinders with double pistons and rotary inclined thrust plates, while the'motor comprises cylinders with single pistons and a non-rotatable inclined thrust platef In such case the adjustmentv is carried von wholly by a manipulation expressed in the pistonsk of the pumplu *The motor isset for maximum speed andthe adjustment is effected by, varying the? velocity of the loil in the circulatory system, 'as above pointed out. If, however, a Wider'range of adjustment is desired, the' motor may Ytake the-saine form as the pump. 1f now the motor be set for maximum speed,

- the''purn'p may vary' through all its phases from a minimum' to vamaximum speed of output, andthus the variation of the speed4 ofthe motor'fro'm a minimum to a'maximu'm equal to that ofthe pump will be brought about as above provided for'. We mayhew still further increase the speed of the motor by rotating. its inclined thrust plate', foif'tliiis ng the larg- If now we desire to reducethe `ratus that and no confinedor Irestricted passageways. IEverything' is open and free and the chanone port to -tlie Vother Awill be diminished,

' and the result will be increased speed. rllhis speed may be vincreased up to a point where the quantity of. oil taken per revolution by the motor will reach a minimum when the l equal'speedsin the-saine directions, theparts f flow ofoillperrevolution of motor from 65 vmay shifted from'onesuch position to the..

oil h as only enough energy toovercome the friction of the motor, there is no enerv l' 'left s for external work, the speed has `reac ed a j maximum?. If the adjustment is carried beyond this point, the oil will pass through the motor from the port by way of the safety valve.' Ofcourse, this excess ofadjustment --is only suggested as a: meansy off' explaining the action'ff Oz'rclatory "ayst'emr-'Thc circulatory system c0nsists preferably of two l.separated moving parts'of lthe driving'mechanism or pump and the other the moving parts of the driven mechanism or motor and proper connecting pipes. Of course, it may assume a wide range of variation. We have illustrated it as above suggested.l The total circulatory system also contains as an element a leakage return connection or fluid sump vwhich is connected with the driving mechanism so that the leakage oil .may be returned thereto.

' rlhe driving fluid is forced by the driving part through one pipe into the driven part, whereit acts tosetgin motion the parts tobe drivenqin' a manner hereinafter to be more specifically described."V lhe driving Huid. passes, when it has performed its' work,

system and a suitable amount of oil forthat purpose should be supplied. lt can beintroduced into the driving and driven mechanisms in anyv desired inanner as, for exam-` ple,- by means ofthe oil filling plugs. 'As

soon as the mechanism begins to operate vthe driving fluid orfoil, and we use lthese; terms interchangeably v although other fluids .y than loilcould be employed, is put-lunderfconsiderable pressureand Aforcedfrom the driving parts into the driven t )a rt.A ',Now, if the parts require-to be packed so -as toretain all of this fluidat all .times lin a strictly defined circulatory system,'/there would, of course, be manyand serious difficulties in the way. .Itis a feature of our invention and appathere are practically no packings nels. are of large cross-sectional varea so that iis There should be supplied more than enough.

oil to ill thecirculatory system of both pump and engine.

The chambers or passages at the top of the ring which connect with the ports are provided with removable air vent and filling plugs which when removed permit the introduction of oil and the escape of air so 'that the pump may be freed from air and filled with oil on starting. As the pump operates, it proceeds to force the oil into'the motor and the oil leaking from the motor gradually iills or tends to fill the motor case. In the meantime, by so much as the motor leaks by so much will the return of oil to the pump through the circulatory system be insufficient andthe deficiency must be supplied from the excess oil in the pump case. Such oil is introduced from the pump case into 'the pump and the circulatory system through the check valve at the bottom.

` Under ordinary conditions there will be a tendency the pump because of the oil leakage and deciency of returning oil. If the pump is sending 100% of oil into the motor and the Y motor is leaking to the extent of 5%, the return on the suction side will be 95%,thus leaving a low pressure on the suction side. If now there be suiiicient oil in the pump case to cover the passageway leading to that check valve which is associated with the suction side of the pump, and if the pressure on the surface of such oil in the case be atmospheric then obviously the oil will be 'sucked up through the check valve into the system so as to supply the 5% deficiency.

Under certain speed conditions, the apparatus will operate in the manner just indicated, because the negative pressure on the suction side or port of the pump will be suiicient to overcome friction and the outward tendency due to centrifugal force exercised in the oil, which is being carried around in the cylinders and which is transt ever,

. ample, by means of a stand-pipe connected with the pump casing. In this instance, of

course, the nl np casing will be substantally full o 011,

to a vacuum on the suction sideI of V If the machine were intended to operate continuously in the same direction, it would not be necessary to have any check valve but a mere opening from the bottom part of the casing into the suction side of the pump would be sufficient. Since, however, the. ma-

chine may be reversed and; each side may be alternately the suction and the pressure side, it becomes necessary to have two leakage inlet passages, one for each port, and to control them by check valves. The check valve openings referred to are formed in the bottom of the ring and are provided with inl wardly opening check valves so as .to prevent egress of oil onfjthepressure side and permit its entry onl the suction side. Other forms of valves could be substituted for the check valves, as, for example, a piston valve, but the operation would be the same. We do not, however,I require or employ a specialized means for circulating the leakage oil or for conveying or forcing it into the pump. This, 'as above explained, is usually easily brought about by the mere atmosi pheric pressure. The leakage could, however, be pumped back into the circulatory 9 0 system by an vapparatus adapted to pump back just enough to supply the loss.

Meaning of terms and ewpressz'o ns.-By the term pump we refer to the drivin parts or the parts which are intended to rst re. 95

ceive and then through or by means of a clrculating fluidimpart'motion to another art.

By the term driven part we refer to that portion of thevdevice which is set in motion bythe circulating Huid and which acts as a motor which is intended to be set in motion.

By the circulatory system we' mean to refer to that system of pipes or passages or chambers by which a complete and so far as may be necessary closed or dened passageway is created` which contains the drivinand the driven partsi` y the expression leakage return system we refer to that arrangement of passages,

pipes or connecting ways v and their associated parts whereby the leakage is returned into proximity to the driving part and is subjected to such conditions as may be necessary to cause it to enter the circulatory system and thus accommodate for the loss therein by leakage.

By the term driving fluid we refer to that fluid, preferably oil, which is used in the circulatory system ofthe device.

By the term valve or valve or valve port ring we refer to that part of t e mechanism through` which the fluid from the circulating system is -received into or withdrawn from either of the moving parts.

lyl' the expression socket plate we refer to at plate or that socket plate which is* permanently mclined to the shaft at one and the same angle and is adapted to receive one end of each piston rod on a given side of the cylinder. y

By the term inclined thrust plate, we mean to refer to that piece of mechanism which supports in an inclined position the socket plate and which is itself adapted to be rotated around the shaft to vary its position or inclination.

By the expression adjusting means we refer to those means which are organized for the purpose of varying the effective throw of the pistons and specifically those means which are organized for 'the purpose of simultaneously rotating the inclined thrust plates in opposite directions to vary their angular relation.

By the expression pressure vequalizingmeans we refer to those means by which the pressure on the opposite sides of the cylinder and shaft are equalized.

By the expression pressure 'relief means we refer to those means whereby excessive pressure in the circulatory system is accommodated. l

By the term splash shield we refer to any kind of a hood or shield which will keep the oil in the case in comparative tranquillity or in a confined ma.

We claim 1. In a hydraulic transmission device a power member containing a group of cylinders, a shaft on which such cylinders are mounted and with which they operate, an inclosing valve port ring about the' cylinders, a circulatory system with a loose connection between the same and the ring whereby all the parts are suspended on the shaft.

2. In a hydraulic transmission device a power member containing a group of cylinders, two pistons acting in cach'such cylinder, a shaft on which such cylinders are mounted and with which they operate, an inclosing valve port ring about the cylinders, a circulatory system with a loose connection between the same. and the' ring whereby all the parts are suspended onthe shaft.

a pair of beveled 'gears one on the plate and one on the barrel, a ball and socket connection between the swash plate and the shaft.

4. In a pressure transmission system a pressure relief member comprising a chamer communicating with the system, a plug within said chamber, yielding means to resist movement of said plug,'and a relief passage through said plug closed by the wall of said chamber adapted to be opened only after the plug has been displaced.

5. A hydraulic transmission system hav'- ing two zones of different pressures, an elongatedchamber interposedbetween them, a plug slidably mounted within said chamber, yielding means for resisting displacement of said plug in either dire'ption, pressure relief passages contained Iwithin said plugv communicating each with one of said zones, a discharge from the opposed end of each passage, said discharges being closed by the wall of the chamber when 'the lug is in the normal position, and ada ted) each to `be 'opened by the movement o the plug in one direction or the other.

Signed at Evansville, Indiana, this 26 day of December, 1913.

WILLIAM E. GIE. Witnesses for William E. Magie:

F. EWING GLASGOW, -D. J. CAMPBELL. Signed at South Milwaukee, this 19th day of December, 1913.

WALTER risalire. `Witnesses for Walter Ferris:

HARRY B. IPIAYDEN, LILLIAN BRoNsoN.

Wisconsin, 

